Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences

Description                              

To safeguard the environment and the number of radioactive materials used in radiological facilities worldwide, an efficient security system is required. To safeguard radioactive materials from potential adversaries, a Physical Protection System (PPS) is frequently designed and implemented in these facilities. In this study, a physical protection system designed for a hypothetical radiological site is evaluated against potentially harmful actions. This study uses the estimate of adversary sequence interruption (EASI) model for interruption of adversary action on a radiological facility to evaluate the effectiveness of physical protective systems and creates an Adversary Sequence Diagram (ASD) for a hypothetical oncology center. Using the Python program, risk values were obtained by iterating over the probability of attacks on the facility. The risk assessments showed how less likely it would be for the hypothetical facility to be attacked if improvement strategies was implemented. The fact that there was a significant increase in the likelihood of identifying and interrupting an adversary's actions toward the hypothetical radiological facility suggests that the PPS is a more reliable security system. The work aims to describe the security requirements for handling radioactive materials in a radiological facility. Despite the fact that it is highly desirable to convert such low-grade energy into electricity (high-grade energy), low-temperature heat sources in nature are regarded as unusable. The use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to convert low-temperature heat into electricity is gaining popularity. TEG's low performance will make it possible to use it in large engineering applications if its performance is improved. In this paper, both steady and transient conditions will be examined to determine how heat transfer rate affects TEG performance. Using a liquid-saturated porous medium, we will investigate how to improve heat transfer from the TEG surface. The effects of aluminum and copper particles on forced convection heat transfer from TEG surfaces with and without liquids are compared. According to the findings of the experiments, Cu particles produce more power than Al particles do, by 14%.

Opening Width, and Opening Channel Position

Al had a free to forced convection power generation ratio of 26.5%, Cu had a free to forced convection power generation ratio of 36%, and liquid saturated Cu particles improved TEG performance by 149%. Using ANSYS-Fluent, the effect of passive air-blowing on the near-wake region of the blunt trailing edge DU97-W-300 airfoil is numerically examined in this work. The airfoil was tried at a subcritical Reynolds number Re = 3.33 × 105 and deferent approaches, which range from 0 to 20 with an augmentation of 2. Three unique mathematical boundaries were viewed as in this review. These boundaries are space level, opening width, and opening channel position. The mathematical outcomes showed that the current space configuration can decidedly influence the streamlined exhibition of the changed airfoil. The outcomes featured that the best space mathematical plan as far as opening width and the space gulf position was 4 mm and 0.025%c, separately. For this plan, albeit the lift coefficient somewhat diminished, the drag coefficient altogether decreased particularly at high approaches α>16, accordingly the streamlined execution (lift to drag proportion) upgraded. Besides, in the wake locale, the stream space examination uncovered that a critical decrease in disturbance dynamic energy of the opened airfoil was accomplished contrasted and the clean dull following edge airfoil. This decrease in the choppiness active energy suggests that the close wake high energy structures are moderated. Accordingly, the streamlined clamor that is straightforwardly connected with the vortex shedding could be diminished. To affirm the impact of the space, further exploratory examinations because of the opening plan on the drag and streamlined clamor of fixed and it are expected to pivot edges. Warm execution of normal convection heat move of nanofluid containing oxytactic microorganisms soaked a square permeable hole under consistent and sinusoidal temperature limit conditions is mathematically researched. Examining the writing audit uncovers that microorganisms' effect on the pace of intensity move might be contributory or disastrous, contingent upon the issue viable. Likewise, the target of the ongoing review is set to eliminate the unfavorable impact of microorganisms on the normal Nusselt number found in a few past examinations by applying an occasional temperature dispersion on the sidewalls to present microorganisms similar to a consistently heat move intensifier technique. For this point, the Buongiorno model is taken on to reenact the nanofluid stream and the Darcy model is utilized to break down the liquid stream inside permeable media. By the meaning of a progression of fitting dimensionless numbers, the overseeing conditions are at first switched over completely to a non-layered type of overseeing conditions, and afterward, they are tackled mathematically utilizing the FEM approach. The precision of the mathematical strategy has effectively been approved by contrasting it and the accessible concentrate in the writing.

Concentration of Nanoparticles, Oxygen, and Microorganisms

Re-enactments are attempted for various boundaries including Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Lewis number. Gotten results are given as plain and graphical shapes connected with smoothes out, isothermal lines, is concentration of nanoparticles, oxygen, and microorganisms. In view of the results, it is reasoned that went against to the steady wall temperature where microorganisms' presence prompts the nusselt number lessening for most of the considered cases, in sinusoidal temperature dispersion, microorganisms lead to progress of the intensity move in undeniably thought about cases. These new discoveries will probably prompt progressive changes in the utilization of microorganisms in the intensity move industry. A few applications exist for the ideas created in this review, including cooling towers, microbial power modules, and nanotechnology-based bioconvection. A mathematical examination of thermogravitational convection inside permeable cubical locale under the non-uniform warming of vertical wall has been performed. The functioning fluid has a temperature-subordinate consistency as indicated by dramatic connection. Heat transmission inside permeable designs has been depicted utilizing the neighborhood warm non-harmony approach. The non-layered vector expected capabilities, vorticity vector and temperature have been added to figure out the numerical model. The differential conditions have been addressed utilizing the second-request limited distinction procedure. The effect of key boundaries on the liquid course construction and energy move inside a block has been explored. These boundaries incorporate the nield number, Darcy number, consistency variety boundary and time. A presence of the permeable layer prompts fortifying of the intensity move. For high penetrability properties of the permeable medium and high upsides of the interfacial intensity move coefficient the power of the stream in the depression is raised. Furthermore, utilizing variable thickness of the functioning fluid is additionally a successful method for dealing with the intensity move and liquid stream.