Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences

Description

Carbon-ion radiotherapy for non-squamous cell carcinomas rarely yields long-term data. Since 2010, head and neck cancer has been treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy at Gunma University. The purpose of this study was to determine whether carbon-ion radiotherapy for the head and neck is safe and effective over time. Between 2010 and 2014, 35 non-squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Centre were the subject of a prospective study. The rates of progression-free survival, overall survival, and 5-year local control were examined. The average age was 59.In total, 32 patients received 64.0 Gy and 3, respectively, 57.6 Gy in 16 fractions. Histopathological, adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common type. The 5-year neighbourhood control, movement free endurance, and generally speaking endurance rates were 74.5 %, 53.2 %, and 81.3 %, individually. Six patients passed away and nine patients experienced local recurrence. Eight patients experienced acute grade 3 radiation mucositis as an adverse event; Conservative treatment resulted in an immediate improvement in this. Two cases of visual loss and one case of brain necrosis were observed in the fourth grade. There were no adverse events in grade 5.Advanced oral cancer can be treated with supers elective intra-arterial chemo radiotherapy. However, salvage surgery is required in cases where treatment fails and the tumor persists; consequently, evaluation of the treatment response is crucial. The accuracy of the assessment of treatment response increases when fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography–computed tomography is utilized alongside CT and magnetic resonance imaging. In light of the possibility of performing a salvage operation in the event that the tumor remained, the purpose of the study was to clarify the factors that influence both the FDG-PET scan time and accuracy rate. The correct diagnosis rate was 75.4 percent, and the average FDG-PET scan time for evaluating the effect of the treatment was 74.1 days after.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures or Treatments

False positives were present in every misdiagnosis. According to multivariate analysis, the severity of oral mucositis influenced the rate of correct diagnosis. After three months, there was no regrowth in ten of the cases with residual tumors and five of the six cases whose sizes could be measured. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the rate of getting the right diagnosis took 72 days. In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 was discovered in China and quickly spread throughout the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 80 million people worldwide were infected, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths as of January 2021.The pandemic has had an impact on clinical practice as well as everyday life. Droplet infection or contact infection is the methods by which the virus can be passed from one person to another. The infection has been reported to have spread to general hospitals and nursing homes in Japan. As a result, in order to prevent the spread of infection, many dental clinics and hospitals restricted outpatient and inpatient care during the so-called first wave in 2020. From June 2020 to August and November 2020, the number of newly infected patients increased again, despite a brief decrease. The likely highly transmissible variant that was spreading in the United Kingdom was also found in Japan in December 2020, and the infection is still spreading there. In daily clinical practice, oral and maxillofacial surgeons are constantly exposed to saliva, droplets, and aerosols containing the causative virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which can infect the oral cavity and its surrounding structures. Thankfully, there have been no reports of transmission from patients to medical professionals during oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures or treatments. However, during Tran's nasal pituitary surgery, cases of medical professionals becoming infected have been reported in neurosurgery. Due to a lack of sufficient data, it is not always possible to determine the risk that is associated with oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and treatments among medical professionals. We present a guide that should be referred to whenever surgical procedures in the oral and maxillofacial areas are performed in order to promote infection prevention and provide sufficient attention to and control against exposure to the virus, given the incidence of infection during surgery in associated clinical fields. Items on preoperative preparation, preoperative evaluation, and surgical performance, intraoperative equipment, and the operating room environment are included in the guide.

Congenital and Acquired Morphological Abnormalities

The aide plans to be utilized by all dental specialists and specialists who carry out surgeries of oral and maxillofacial regions in Japan, including the overall experts and those working at general clinics, clinical and dental school emergency clinics. Regardless of whether or not anesthesia is used, the guide is applicable to all oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures, including tooth extraction, trauma, infection, tumor, inflammation, and congenital and acquired morphological abnormalities. This guide is not an evidence-based treatment guide because there is a lack of evidence on many aspects of COVID-19.Instead; they offer a summary of the data as well as suggestions that are based on data that the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons gathered through extensive research. Pyogenic granulomas and other gingival reactive lesions are fairly common in the gingiva of natural teeth, but they are uncommon in dental implants. Additionally, the size of these lesions is relatively small. A comprehensive literature review on implant-associated PG and a large PG that was observed in conjunction with a dental implant are presented in this case report. A 66-year-old woman presented to our department with a pedunculated lesion on the buccal and lingual gingiva surrounding the left mandibular second molar dental implant that was smooth and slightly red. On panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography, horizontal alveolar bone loss around the dental implant was observed. A biopsy was taken, and PG was diagnosed by histopathology. Under local anesthesia, the lesion was completely resected, and the implant surface was curetted. After one year of follow-up, the patient had no PG recurrence.